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Chapter 1: Science Skills- lab
safety, lab reports, metric system |
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Chapter 2: Light
Click here for
Review activities & practice quizzes
for Ch. 2 - Light
Click Here to
Play Chapter 2 Vocabulary Review
Games |
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Electromagnetic Spectrum |
The
complete range of electromagnetic
waves placed in order of increasing
frequency: radio waves, micro waves,
infrared rays, visible light,
ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma
rays. |
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Frequency |
The
number of of complete waves that
pass a given point in a certain
amount of time. The slower the wave,
the lower the frequency. The faster
the wave, the higher the frequency. |
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Wavelength |
The
distance between two corresponding
parts of a wave. The longer the
wavelength, the slower the wave. The
shorter the wavelength, the faster
the wave. |
| Radio
waves |
Electromagnetic waves that have the
longest wavelength and lowest
frequency.Used for broadcasting
radio and television signals. |
| Micro
waves |
The
radio waves with the shortest
wavelengths and highest frequency.
These waves are used to heat your
food in a microwave oven and used
for cell phones and in radar
systems. |
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Infrared rays |
The
invisible electromagnetic waves you
can feel. Infrared waves are longer
than visible light but shorter than
micro waves. These waves create heat
and are used in heat lamps. |
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Visible light |
The
small band in the electromagnetic
spectrum that your eye can see. The
main colors of visible light (in
order of largest to smallest
wavelength) are: red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, indigo and
violet. |
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Ultraviolet Rays |
Electromagnetic waves shorter than
visible light but longer than
X-rays. They carry more energy than
light and can cause skin cells to
produce vitamin D. Too much UV
exposure may increase risk of
cancer. |
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X-rays |
Second
shortest electromagnetic waves. They
have more energy than UV and can
penetrate most matter and is used to
make images of bones inside the
body. Too much can lead to cancer. |
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Rays |
Electromagnetic rays that have the
most energy, highest frequency and
lowest wavelength. Gamm rays are the
most penetrating of the EM waves and
are used to kill cancer cells. |
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Absorption |
The
ability of an object to take in
light. The higher the absorption,
the less colors are allowed through.
Transparent objects absorb the least
amount of EM waves, translucent
objects absorb intermediate amounts
of EM waves and opaque objects
absorb the
most EM waves. |
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Reflection |
The
bouncing back of an object or wave
when it hits a surface through which
it cannot pass. |
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Refraction |
The
bending of waves as they enter a new
medium at an angle. |
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Primary colors of
light |
Red,
Blue, Green |
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Primary colors of
pigment |
Yellow,
Cyan and Magenta |
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Law of Reflection |
The
angle that light enters (angle of
incidence) is equal to the angle
that light is reflected. |
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Concave Lens |
A lens
that is fatter at the top and bottom
and skinny in the middle. Used to
correct nearsighted vision. |
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Convex Lens |
A lens
that is fatter in the middle and
thinner at the top and bottom. Used
to correct farsighted vision. |
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Cornea |
Transparent front of the eye that
light enters. |
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Pupil |
Opening
through which light enters the
inside of the eye. |
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Iris |
Ring of
muscle that contracts and expands to
change the size of the pupil. Gives
the eye its color. |
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Retina |
Layer
of cells inside the back of the eye
that contains rods and cones. |
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Optic Nerve |
An image is
transferred from the retina to the
brain through this group of nerve
cells. |
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Rods |
Light-sensitive cells that pick up
small amounts of light. |
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Cones |
Light-sensitive cells that detect
color. |
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Camera |
Tool
that acts similar to the eye,
forming a real upside-down image in
the back on film paper. |
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Telescope |
Tool
uses mirrors and lenses to collect
and focus light from distant
objects. |
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Microscope |
Tool
that uses a combination of lenses to
form an enlarged image of tiny
objects. |
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Nearsighted |
The
eyeball is too long and causes the
image to come into focus before the
retina. The nearsighted person can
see nearby objects but distance
objects are blurry. |
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Farsighted |
The
eyeball is too short so the image
comes into focus behind the retina.
Images far |
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Chapter 8: Earth's History
Click here for
Review activities/practice/quizzes
for Ch.8 - Earth's History
Click here to play Ch.8 Vocabulary
Review Games |
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Erosion |
A
geologic process that occurs when
ice, water or wing break down rocks
and carry the pieces away |
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Uniformitarianism |
The
principle that states that all
geologic processes that occur today
also occurred in the past |
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Rock Cycle |
A
series of processes on & beneath the
Earth's surface that slowly changes
rocks from one kind to another. |
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Igneous Rock |
A type
of rock that forms when molten
material from beneath the Earth's
surface cools and hardens |
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Sedimentary Rock |
A type
of rock that is made of sediments
that have been deposited and then
pressed together to form solid rock.
Fossils are usually found in this
type of rock. |
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Metamorphic Rock |
A type
of rock that forms when an existing
rock is changed by heat, pressure or
chemical reactions. Most metamorphic
rocks form deep underground. |
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Rock Cycle |
A
series of processes on & beneath the
Earth's surface that slowly changes
rocks from one kind to another. |
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Relative Age |
The age
of a rock compared to other rocks.
There are 5 methods to help
determine a rock's relative age. |
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Absolute age |
The
number of years since the rock
formed. |
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Law of
superposition |
A law
that states that in sedimentary rock
layers, the oldest layers are at the
bottom, the youngest layers are at
the top. |
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Intrusion |
When
magma cuts through rock layers deep
underground then cools and hardens.
Intrusions are always younger in age
than the layers of rock it cuts
through. |
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Extrusion |
When
lava hardens on the surface.
Extrusions are always younger than
the rocks below it. |
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Fault |
A break
in the Earth's crust. A fault is
always younger than the rock it cuts
through. |
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Unconformity |
A gap
in the geologic record due to
erosion of folded or tilted layers
of earth. The surface where new rock
layers meet a much older rock
surface beneath them is an
unconformity. The newer layers are
always younger than the older layers
below. |
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Index Fossil |
The
fossilized remains of an organism
that lived in a wide-spread area for
a short period of time. The presence
of index fossils help identify rock
layers that are similar in age. |
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Element |
Matter
that contains only 1 type of atom. |
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Radioactive Decay |
The
breaking down of unstable elements
into more stable elements, releasing
particles and energy. |
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Half-life |
The
amount of time it takes for an
unstable element to change one half
into a more stable element. |
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Radioactive
dating |
The
process scientists use to determine
the absolute age of rocks by the
percent remaining of an unstable
element. |
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Plates |
One of
the 12 or more major pieces that fit
together like a jigsaw puzzle which
make up the Earth's outer surface
(lithosphere). |
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Plate tectonics |
Scientific theory that states that
the Earth's plates are slowly moving
in various directions. This cause
the continents to change positions
over time. |
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Continental Drift |
The
very slow movement of continents. |
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Geologic Time
Scale |
Record of all the
life forms and geologic events in
Earth's history |
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Era |
Longest unit in
the Geologic Time scale. |
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Period |
Smaller units
that divide up an era. |
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Invertebrate |
Animal without a
backbone. |
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Vertebrate |
Animal that has a
backbone. |
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Cambrian
Explosion |
A time when many
different kinds of aqautic organisms
evolved and appeared within a very
short period of time. |
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Amphibian |
An animal that
lives part of its life on land and
part of its life in the water. |
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Reptile |
Animal that has
scaly skin, lays eggs with tough,
leathery shells and is cold-blooded. |
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Mass extinction |
When many types
of living things become extinct at
the same time. Most eras and time
periods end in a mass extinction. |
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Pangaea |
Supercontinent
that formed when all the landmassses
moved together about 260 million
years ago. |
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Mammal |
Warm-blooded
vertebrate that feeds its young
milk. |
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K-T extinction |
A mass extinction
of many creatures, including
dinosaurs, that occurred 65 million
years ago when an object (asteroid)
from space struck the Earth. |
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Chapter 3: Cells
Click here for
Review Activities/Practice/Quizzes
for Ch.3 - Cells
Click here for
Vocabulary Review Games |
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Characteristics
of Life |
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Chemical
Composition |
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Energy Use |
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Adapation |
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Growth &
Development |
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Reproduction |
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Cell |
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Microscope |
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Robert Hooke |
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Anton von
Leewenhoek |
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Cell theory |
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Unicellular |
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Multicellular |
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Organelle |
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Cell Wall |
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Cell Membrane |
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Nucleus |
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Cytoplasm |
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Endoplasmic
Reticulum |
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Ribosome |
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Mitochondria |
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Lysosome |
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Vacuole |
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Flagellum |
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Cilia |
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Nuclear Envelope |
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Pore |
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Chromatin (DNA) |
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Nucleolus |
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Chloroplast |
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Centrioles |
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Compound |
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Carbohydrate |
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Lipid |
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Water |
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Protein |
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Nucleic Acid |
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